Manetho
was a priest from Heliopolis, Egyptian by birth. Probably on Ptolemy I
and recommendation he started to compile Egyptian history.
This work entitled “Aegyptiaka”, was written in Greek and finally
completed circa 271 BC. In his manuscript Manetho attempted to describe
Egyptian history from mythical times onwards to the death of
Alexander the Great. According to his count there were 30
Dynasties ruling over Egypt. To Manetho we owe also many interesting
details from rulers’ life. Unfortunately, his work got lost and all we
know recently comes from short transcripts and summaries of historians
after Manetho: Josephus Flavius (I AD), Sextus Julius Africanus (III
AD), Eusebius of Cesarea (III/IV AD), and Byzantine historian George
Syncellos (VIII AD). Mistakes made by copiers reduce historical value of
Manethos’ work. For instance: Josephus Flavius assigned to Menes
duration of 62 years of ruling, Eusebius - 30 years, while Syncellos -
60 years. The register of names of rulers from
first six dynasties and the length of their ruling according to Flavius
/ Africanus and Eusebius count are presented beneath:
I Dynasty
8 kings from This, 253 years (Africanus) or 252 (Eusebius) or 258 (Syncellos)
Julius Africanus
Eusebius of Cesarea
Narmer
Μηνης
Menes
62
Μηνης
Menes
30
Aha
Aθωθις
Athothis
57
Aθωθις
Athothis
27
Djer
Κενκενης
Kenkenes
31
Κενκενης
Kenkenes
39
Djet
Ουενεφης
Wenefes
23
Ουενεφης
Wenefes
42
Den
Ουσαφαιδoς
Usafaidos
20
Ουσαφαης
Usafais
20
Andjib
Μιεβιδoς
Miebidos
26
Nιεβαης
Niebais
26
Semerkhet
Σεμεμψης
Semempses
18
Σεμεμψης
Semempses
18
Qa'a
Βιηνεχης
Bieneches
26
Ουβιενθης
Ubienthes
26
II Dynasty
9 kings from This, 297 years (Eusebius)
Julius Africanus
Eusebius of Cesarea
Hotepsekhemui
Βoηθoς
Boethos
38
Βωχος
Bochos
-
Reneb
Καιεχως
Kaiechos
39
Χωος
Choos
-
Ninetjer
Βίνωθρις
Binothris
47
Βίοφις
Biophis
-
Weneg
Τλας
Thlas
17
Senedj
Σεθενης
Sethenes
41
?
Χαιρης
Chaires
17
Neferkare (Aaka)
Nεφερχερης
Nefercheres
26
Neferkasokar
Σεσωχρις
Sesochris
48
Σεσωχρις
Sesochris
48
Khasekhemui
Χενερης
Cheneres
30
Χενερης
Cheneres
30
III Dynasty
kings from This (Africanus)
8 kings from Memphis, 198 years (Eusebius)
IV Dynasty
kings from This (Africanus)
17 kings from Memphis, 448 years (Eusebius)
Julius Africanus
Eusebius of Cesarea
Snofru
Σωρις
Soris
29
Khufu
Σoυφις
Suphis
63
Σoυφις
Souphis
Khafre
Σoυφις
Suphis
66
Menkaure
Mενχερης
Mencheres
63
Djedefre
Ρατoισης
Ratoises
25
Baka
Bιχερης
Bicheris
22
Shepseskaf
Σεβερχερης
Sebercheres
7
Ptahdjedef
Θαμφθις
Tamphtis
9
V Dynasty
9 kings from Elephantine, 248 years (Africanus)
31 kings from Elephantine, 100(?) years (Eusebius)
Julius Africanus
Weserkaf
Ουσερχερης
Usercheres
28
Sahure
Σεφρης
Sephres
13
Neferirkare Kakai
Νεφερχερης
Nephercheres
20
Shepseskare
Σισιρης
Sisires
7
Neferefre
Χερης
Cheres
20
Niuserre
Ραθουρης
Rathures
44
Menkauhor
Μενχερης
Mencheres
9
Djedkare Isesi
Τανχερης
Tancheres
44
Wenis
Οννος
Onnos
33
VI Dynasty
6 kings from Memphis, 203 years (Africanus and Eusebius)
Julius Africanus
Eusebius of Cesarea
Teti
Οθοης
Othoes
-
Οθoης
Othoes
-
Pepi I
Φιος
Phios
53
Nemtiemsaf I
Μεθουσουφις
Methusuphis
7
Pepi II
Φιωψ
Phiops
99
Φιωψ
Phiops
94
Nemtiemsaf II
Μενφεσουφις
Mentesuphis
1
Neitikret
Νιτωκρις
Nitocris
12
Νιτωκρις
Nitocris
-
VII - XI Dynasties
Julius Africanus
Eusebius from Cezarei
VII
70
kings from Memphis, 70 days
5
kings from Memphis, 75 days
VIII
27 kings from Memphis,
146 years
5 kings from Memphis,
100 years
IX
19 kings from Heracleopolis,
409 years
4 kings from Heracleopolis,
100 years Aχθoης Akhtoes
(Kheti II)
X
19 kings from Heracleopolis,
185 years
19 kings from Heracleopolis, 185 years
XI
16 kings from Thebes, 43 years
16 kings from Diospolis, 43 years
XII Dynasty
7 kings from Diospolis, 160 years (Africanus) or 245 years (Eusebius)
Julius Africanus
Eusebius of Cesarea
Amenemhat I
Aμμενεμης
Ammenemes
-
Aμμενεμης
Ammenemes
16
Senweseret I
Σεσονχοσις
Sesonchosis
46
Σεσονχοσις
Sesonchosis
46
Amenemhat II
Aμμανεμης
Ammanemes
38
Aμμανεμης
Ammanemes
68
Senweseret III
Σεσωστρις
Sesostris
48
Σεσωστρις
Sesostris
48
Amenemhat III
Aμμερης
Ammeres
8
Λαμαρις
Lamares
8
Amenemhat IV
Aμμενεμης
Ammenemes
8
Sobekneferure
Σκεμιoφρις
Skemiophris
4
XIII - XIV
Dynasties
XIII
60 kings from Thebes, 453
years (Africanus and Eusebius)
XIV
76 kings from Xsois, 184
years
(Africanus and Eusebius) (484 at Syncellos)
XV Dynasty
6 foreign kings from Phenicia, 284 years (Africanus)
kings from Diospolis, 250 years (Eusebius)
Julius Africanus (XV Dynasty)
Eusebius of Cesarea (XVII Dynasty)
Salitis
Σαιτης
Saites
19
Σαιτης
Saites
19
Sheshi (Bnon)
Βνων
Bnon
44
Βνων
Bnon
40
Yakobner
Παχναν
Pachnan
61
Khian
Στααν
Staan
50
Khamudi
Aρχλης
Archles
61
Aφωφις
Aphophis
30
Apopi
Aφοβις
Aphobis
49
Aρχλης
Archles
14
XVI Dynasty 32królów pasterskich, 518 years
(Africanus)
5 kings w Thebes, 190 years (Eusebius
of Cesarea)
XVII Dynasty
43 shepherd kings and 43 kings from Thebes, 151 years (Africanus)
4 kings from Memphis, 103 years (Eusebius)
XVIII Dynasty 16 kings from Thebes, 263 years (Africanus)
14 kings from Diospolis, 348 years (Eusebius)
Julius Africanus
Eusebius of Cesarea
Ahmose I
Aμως
Amos
-
Aμωσις
Amosis
25
Tuthmosis II
Χεβρως
Chebros
13
Χεβρων
Chebron
13
Amenhotep I
Αμενωφθις
Amenophtis
24
Aμμενωφίς
Ammenophis
21
Tuthmosis I
Μισαφρις
Misaphris
13
Μιφρης
Miphres
12
Hatshepsut
Αμενσις
Amensis
22
Tuthmosis III
Μισφραγμουθωσις
Misfragmuthosis
26
Μισφραγμουθωσις
Mysfarmuthosis
26
Tuthmosis IV
Τουθμωσις
Tuthmosis
9
Τουθμωσις
Tuthmosis
9
Amenhotep II
Αμενωφις
Amenophis
31
Aμενωφις
Amenophis
31
Amenhotep III
Ωρος
Oros
37
Ωρος
Oros
36
Akhenaten
Αχερρης
Acherres
32
?
Aχενχερσης
Achencherses
16(12)
Tutankhamun
Ραθως
Rathos
6
Aθωρις
Athoris
39(8)
?
Χεβρης
Chebris
12
Χενχερης
Chencheres
16
?
Aχερρης
Acherres
12
Aχερρης
Acherres
8
?
Cherres
15
Horemheb
Aρμεσης
Armesis
5
Aρμαις
Armais
5
Ramesses I
Ραμεσσης
Ramesses
1
Ραμεσσης
Ramesses
68
?
Αμενωφαθ
Amenophath
19
Aμενωφις
Amenophis
40
XIX Dynasty
6 kings from Thebes, 209 years (Africanus)
5 kings from Diospolis, 194 years (Eusebius)
Julius Africanus
Eusebius of Cesarea
Seti I
Σεθως
Sethos
51
Σεθως
Sethos
55
Ramesses II
Ραψακης
Rapsakes
61
Ραμψης
Rampses
66 (68)
Merenptah
Aμενεφθης
Amenephtes
20
Aμμενεφθίς
Ammenephtis
8(40)
?
Ραμεσσης
Rameses
60
Amenemose
Aμμενεμνης
Ammenemnes
5
Aμμενεμης
Ammenemes
26
Tawosret
Θουωρις
Thouris
7
Θουωρις
Thouris
7
XX Dynasty
12 kings from Thebes, 135 years (Africanus)
12 kings from Diospolis, 178 years (Eusebius)
XXI Dynasty
7 kings from Tanis, 130 years (Africanus and Eusebius)
Julius Africanus
Eusebius of Cesarea
Smendes I
Σμενδης
Smendes
26
Σμενδις
Smendes
26
Psusennes I
Ψουσεννης
Psusennes
46
Ψουσεννης
Psusennes
41(46)
Amenemose
Νεφελχερης
Nephelcheres
4
Νεφερχερης
Nephercheres
4
Amenemipet
Aμενωφθίς
Amenophtis
9
Aμμενωφθις
Ammenophtis
9
Osokhor
Oσοχωρ
Osokhor
6
Oσοχωρ
Osokhor
6
Siamun
Ψιναχης
Psinaches
9
Ψιναχης
Psinaches
9
Psusennes II
Ψουσεννης
Psusennes
30
Ψουσεννης
Psusennes
(35)
XXII Dynasty
9 kings from Bubastis, 120 years (Africanus)
3 kings from Bubastis, 49 years (Eusebius)
Julius Africanus - Eusebius of Cesarea
Sheshonq I
Σεσονχωσις
Sesonchosis
21
Osorkon I
Oσορθων
Osorthon
15
Takelot I
Τακελωθις
Takelothis
13
XXIII Dynasty
4 kings from Tanis, 89 years (Africanus)
3 kings from Tanis (Eusebius)
Julius Africanus
Eusebius of Cesarea
Petubastis I
Πετουβατης
Petubates
40
Πετουβαστις
Petubastis
25
Iuput I
10
Osorkon III
Oσορχω
Osorcho
8
Oσορθων
Osorthon
9
Ψαμμους
Psammus
10
Ψαμμους
Psammus
10
Ζητ
Zet
31
XXIV Dynasty (Sais)
Julius Africanus
Eusebius of Cesarea
Bakenrenef
Βοχχωρις
Bochoris
6
44
XXV Dynasty
3 ethiopian kings, 40 (Africanus) or 44 years (Eusebius)
Julius Africanus
Eusebius of Cesarea
Shabaka
Σαβακων
Sabacon
8
12
Shabataka
Σεβιχως
Sebichos
14
12
Taharka
Ταρκος
Tarkos
18
20
XXVI Dynasty
9 kings from Sais, 150 years and 6 months (Africanus) or 167 years
(Eusebius)
Julius Africanus
Eusebius of Cesarea
Ammeris
Aμμερις
Ammeris
12
Stephinates
Στεφινατης
Stephinathis
7
Στεφιναθις
Stephinathis
7
Nekaub
Στεφινατης
Nechepsos
6
Νεχεψως
Nechepsos
6
Nekau I
Νεχαω
Nechao
8
Νεχαω
Nechao
8
Psametik I
Ψαμμητιχος
Psammetikhos
54
Ψαμμητιχος
Psammetikhos
45
Necho II
Νεχαω
Nechao
6
Νεχαω
Nechao
3
Psametik II
Ψαμμουθις
Psammuthis
6
Ψαμμουθις
Psammuthis
17
Apries
Ουαφρις
Uaphris
19
Ουαφρις
Uaphris
25
Amasis
Aμωσις
Amosis
44
Aμωσις
Amosis
42
Psametik III
Ψαμμεχεριτης
Psammecherites
6 mon.
XXVII Dynasty
8 persian kings, 124 years and 4 months (Africanus) or 120 years
(Eusebius)
Julius Africanus
Eusebius of Cesarea
Cambyzes II
Καμβυσης
Cambyses
6
Καμβυσης
3
?
Μαγοι
Magoi
7 mon.
Darius I
Δαρειος
Dareios
36
Δαρειος
Dareios
36
Xserxes I
Ξερξης
Kserkses
21
Ξερξης
Kserkses
21
?
Aρταβανος
Artabanos
7 mon.
Artaxerxes I
Aρταξερξης
Artakserkses
41
Aρταξερξης
Artakserkses
40
Xerxes II
Ξερξης
Kserkses
2 mon.
Ξερξης
Kserkses
2 mon.
Sogdianos
Σογδιανος
Sogdianos
7 mon.
Σογδιανος
Sogdianos
7 mon.
Darius II
Δαρειος
Dareios
19
Δαρειος
Dareios
19
XXVIII Dynasty (Sais)
Julius Africanus -
Eusebius of Cesarea
Amyrtaeus
Aμυρτεος
Amyrteos
6
XXIX Dynasty
4 kings from Mendes, 20 years and 4 months (Africanus) or 21 years and 4
months (Eusebius)
Julius Africanus
Eusebius of
Cesarea
Nefaarud I
Νεφεριτης
Nepherites
6
6
Akhoris
Aχωρις
Achoris
13
13
Psammuthis
Ψαμμουθις
Psammuthis
1
1
Nefaarud II
Νεφεριτης
Nepherites
-
4 months
Muthis
Μουθις
Muthis
-
1
XXX Dynasty
3 kings from Sebennytos, 38 years (Africanus) or 20 years (Eusebius)