Turin King List, or
Turin Royal Canon

This hieratic text dates to Ramesses II times. The papyrus is 1.7m long and 0.41m wide. It mentions the names of all Egyptian rulers preceded by the register of gods that, as it was believed, ruled over Egypt before Pharaohs era. The document, originally complete, fell into about 300 pieces. In this state it was discovered in one of the tombs in Thebes and then bought by an Italian collector Bernardino Drovetti in the 19th century. It continuously undergoes destruction and at present makes up only a fragment of papyrus examined by J.F. Champollion and Gustavus Seyffarth in 1825.

The papyrus gives the names of monarchs in some cases grouping them together and giving lengths of regency for some of these groups, generally corresponding to Manetho’s Dynasties. Moreover it shows in years, months and days duration of ruling for individual kings. It also includes names of ephemeral rulers or those ruling over small territories and as such – barely known nowadays, usually unmentioned in other sources. The list included the Hyksos rulers (often left out of other King Lists), although they were not given cartouches, and a hieroglyphic sign was added to indicate that they were foreigners.
The most important publications are: G.Farina, Il papiro dei re restaurato (Rome, 1938), A.H.Gardiner, The Royal Canon of Turin (Oxford, 1959) and J.Malek, The original version of the Royal Canon of Turin in Journal of Egyptian Archeology 68, 93-106, (1982)
 

First two columns are containing names of gods - Ptah and Great Ennead, Horus and Lesser Ennead. Also spirits and mythical group of kings. Every line of text beginning nsw bi.tj (The King of Upper and Lower Egypt), then cartouche with name of king and number of years, months and days of rule of the king. Sometimes short note.
 To view the transcription of kings titulary properly, please download and install transliteration font.
 
2.11 Menes (mni) anx wDA snb ir.n [...] Menes, may he live, prosper and be healthy, has functioned [...] 
2.12 Aha (it[...]) [...] It[...] 
2.13 Djer [...][...] 10 hrw 28 [...] [...] 10 [+ x], 28 days [...] 
2.14 Djet ([...] tjwi) [...] [I]tiui [...] 
2.15 Den (sm.tj) Semti [...] 
2.16 Andjib (mr-biA-pn) [...] rnp.t 74 Merbiapen [...] 74 years [...] 
2.17 Semerkhet (smsm) [...] [rnp.t] 72 Semsem [...] 72 [years] [...] 
2.18 Qa'a [(q]bH) [...] 63 [Ke]behu [...] 63 years [...]
2.19 Hotepsekhemwi [...] [(] bA.w [nTr )] [...] 95 Baw-[netjer] [...] 95 years 
2.20 Reneb [(kA] kA[.w )][...] [Ka]ka[w] [...] 
2.21 Ninetjer (bA] nTr ) [...] 95 Ba]netjer [...] 95 [years] [...] 
2.22 unknown [...] 54 [...] 54 [years]
2.23 Senedj (snD [...] [)] [...] 70 Sened [...] 70 (?) [years] [...]
2.24 Aaka aA-kA) [...] Aaka [...]
3.1 Neferkasokar (nfr kA skr) rnp.t 8, ibd 3, hrw [...] Neferkasokar, 8 years, 3 (months) [...]
3.2  'Hudjefa' (a) (H(w)-DfA) rnp.t 1, ibd 8, hrw 4, (aHa=f m anx) 34 "Erased", 1 year, 8 months and 4 days, (his lifetime being) 34
3.3 Khasekhemwi (b]btj [)] [...] rnp.t 27, ibd 2, hrw 1, (aha=f m anx) 40 Bebti [...], 27 years, 2 months and 1 day, (his lifetime being) 40+x [...]
3.4 Sanakht (nb kA)] [...] 19 Nebka [...] 19 [years] 
3.5 Djoser (] Dsr-it] ir.n=f [m nsj.t] rnp.t 19 ibd 1 aHa=f m anx [...] Djoser-It has functioned [in the kingship for] 19 years and 1 month, his lifetime being [...]
3.6 Sekhemkhet (Dsr-tj) rnp.t 6 Djoser-Ti, 6 years [...] 
3.7 'Hudjefa' (b) [(Hw-DfA]) rnp.t 6 "[Erased]", 6 years [...] 
3.8 Huni (Hwnj [...]) anx wDA snb rnp.t 24 [...]
pA qd sSm		 Hu[ni], may he live, prosper and be healthy, 24 years [...]
the one who has built Seshem-[...]
3.9 Snefru (snfr) rnp.t 24 Snofr(u), 24 years [...] 
3.10 Khufu [...] rnp.t 24 23 years [...]
3.11 Djedefre [...] rnp.t 8 8 years [...]
3.12 Khafre ([...] xa [...] ) Kha[fre], [...] years [...] 
3.13 Baka [([...])] rnp.t [...] years [...] 
3.14 Menkaure [...] rnp.t 18 18 years [...]
3.15 Shepseskaf [...] rnp.t 4 4 years [...] 
3.16 Djedefptah [...] rnp.t 2 2 years [...] 
3.17 Weserkaf [...] kA[...] rnp.t 7 [Weser]ka[f], 7 years [...] 
3.18 Sahure [...] rnp.t 12 [...], 12 years [...] 
3.19 Neferirkare  Kakai [...] ir.n=f m ns(j.t) [...] has functioned in the kingship [...] 
3.20 Shepseskare [...] rnp.t 7 7 years [...] 
3.21 Neferefre [...] rnp.t [...] [...] years [...] 
3.22 Niuserre [...] rnp.t 10 [...] [...] 10 + x years [...] 
3.23 Menkauhor (mn kA Hr) rnp.t 8 Menkauhor, 8 years [...] 
3.24 Dżedkare Isesi (Dd) rnp.t 28 Djed, 28 years [...]
3.25 Unas (wnis) rnp.t 30 Unas, 30 years [...] 
3.26 summation dmD nsj.wt SA mni r-mn [...] Total of the kings beginning with Menes down to [Unas, their years] [...] 
4.1 Teti [...] ibd 6, hrw 21 [...] 6 months and 21 days 
4.2 lost [...] [...]
4.3 Pepi I [...] rnp.t 20 [...] 20 years
4.4 Nemtiemsaf I [...] rnp.t 44 [...] [4]4 years
4.5 Pepi II [...] rnp.t 90 [...] 90 years 
4.6 Nemtiemsaf II [...] rnp.t 1, ibd 1 [...] 1 year and 1 month
4.7 lost [...] [...]
4.8 Nitekreti (ntiqrtj) Nitekreti [...]
4.9 Neferka (nfr kA) Xrd (?) [...] Neferka [...] 
4.10 Nefer (nfr) [...] rnp.t 2, ibd 1, hrw 1 Nefer [...] 2 years, 1 month and 1 day 
4.11 Ibi I ibi [...] [rnp.t] 4, ibd 2, hrw 1 Ibi [...] 4 years and 2 months
4.12 unknown [...] [rnp].t 2, ibd 1, hrw 1 [...] 2 years, 1 day and 1 month [...] 
4.13 unknown [...] [rnp].t 1 (?) [...] 1 year
4.14

summation for this group

[...] nsj.w [...] [rnp.wt] 181
[...] ibd 6, hrw 3, Hw DfA 6, dmD [...] nsj.t

 kings [...] 181 years
6 [months] and 3 days, "erased" 6, total [...] kingship  [...]
4.15
4.16

summation for this group including the previous group

[...] mni, nsj.t=sn, rnp.(w)t=sn Hw DfA[...] [...] ibd 9, hrw 6, Hw DfA rnp.t 6 dmD [...] rnp.(w)t 955, hrw 10

[Total of kings beginning with] Menes, their kingship, their years [their ?] "erased", [...] 9 months, 16 days, "erased" 6 years
total [...] 955 years and 10 days
4.17
4.18 lost [...] [...] 
4.19 lost [...] [...] 
4.20 Neferkare (III) (nfr kA ra) [...] Neferkare [...]
4.21 Khety II (X.tj) [...] Kheti [...] 
4.22 Senenh[...] (snnh[...] Senenh[...] 
4.23 Khety III ([...] [...]
4.24 Khety IV (mr [ib ra] Mer[ibre] [...]
4.25 Shed[...] Sd[...] Shed[...] 
4.26 H[...] (H[...] H[...]
5.1 lost [...] ibd [...] [...] months  [...]
5.2 lost [...] [...]
5.3 lost [...] [...]
5.4 lost [...] [...]
5.5 lost [...] [...]
5.6 lost [...] [...]
5.7 lost [...] [...]
5.8 lost [...] [...]
5.9 lost [...] [...]
5.10 summation dmD nsw 18 [...] Total of kings being 18 [...]
5.11 heading nsj.wt The Kings [...]
5.12 Mentuhotep I (wAH [...] [Wah][...]
5.13 Antef I [...] [...]
5.14 Antef II [...] n [...] 49 [...] 49 [years] 
5.15 Antef III [...] 8 [...] [...] 8 [...] 
5.16 Mentuhotep II (nb xrw ra [...] rnp.t 51 [...] [...] 51 years
5.17 Mentuhotep III (sanx kA [...] 12 [...] Sankhka [...] 12 [years]
5.18 summation [nsw] 9 ir.n rnp.t [...] 7, dmD 143 [...] 6 kings, making [...] years [...] [erased?] 7, total 143
5.19 heading [...] Xnw iT-tA.wj [Kings] of the Residence Itj-tawi [...]
5.20 Amenemhat I [(sHt]p ib [ra]) ir.n=f m nsj.t [...] Sehete]p-ib-[re] has functioned in the kingship for [...] 
5.21 Senweseret I [(xpr kA ra]) rnp.t 45 [...] Kheper]-ka-[re], 45 years, [...] m[onths] [...]
5.22 Amenemhat II [...] rnpt 1[...] [...] 1[...] years [...]
5.23 Senweseret II [...] rnp.t 1[9] [...] [...] 1[9] years [...]
5.24 Senweseret III [...] rnp.t 30 [...] [...] 30 years [...]
5.25 Amenemhat III [...] rnp.t 40 [...] [...] 40 years [...] 
6.1 Amenemhat IV (mAa xrw ra] ir.n=f m nsj.t
rnp.t 9 ibd.w 3 hrw 27

Maakherure has functioned in the kingship for
9 years, 3 months and 27 days
6.2 Sobekneferure (sbk nfr.w ra)
rnp.t 3 ibd 10 hrw 24

[Sobek]-nef[ru]-re,
3 years, 10 months and 24 days
6.3 summation

dmD nsj.wt n.t Xnw [iT-tA.wj nsj.wt] 8
ir.n rnp.t 123 ibd 1 hrw 17

Total of kings of the Residence [Itj-tawi], 8 [kings],
making 213 years, 1 month and 17 days
6.4 heading n[s]j.wt [...] sA [...] [nsw] bi.tj ([sHt]p ib ra) anx wDA snb [...] Kings [...] who came after [...] the King of [Upper and] Lower Egypt [Sehet]epibre, may he live, prosper and be healthy
6.5 Ugaf ([xw tA.wj] ra [( ir [...]] nsj.t rnp.t 2, ibd 3, hrw 24 Khutawire has functioned [in] kingship for 2 years, 3 months and 24 days.
6.6 Sekhemkare [(sxm kA ra)] [...] rnp.t [...] Hw DfA rnp.t 6 Sekhemkare I[...] years erased, 6 years
6.7 Amenemhat V  [(ra [...] i]mn-m-HA.t [...] rnp.t 3

[A]menemhat [...]re [...] 3 years
6.8 Ameni Kemaw (sHtp ib ra) [...] 1 Sehetepibre [...] 1[...].
6.9 Iufeni  (iw=f n=i) [...] Iufeni.
6.10 Amenemhat VI  (sanx ib ra) [...] Sankhibre.
6.11 Nebnun (smn kA ra) [...] 4 Semenkare [...] 4 [...]
6.12 Hornedjheriotef (sHtp ib ra] [...] 3 Sehetepibre [...] 3 [...] 
6.13 Sewadjkare (swAD kA ra) [...] 6 Sewadjkare [...] 6 [...] 
6.14 Nedjemibre (nDm ib ra] [...] Nedjemibre
6.15 Sebekhotep I (sbk [Ht]p ra) [sA] [...] Sebek-Re-[hot]ep son of [...] 
6.16 Reniseneb

(rn [s]nb) ir.n[=f ibd 4]

 Ren[se]neb has functioned for 4 months
6.17 Hor I (Aw.t ib ra) [...] 7 Awetibre [...] 7 [...] 
6.18 Amenemhat VII (sDfA [...] kA ra) rnp.t [...] Sedjefakare, [...] years
6.19 Sebekhotep II (sxm ra xw tA.wj sbk-Htp] rnp.t [...] Sekhemre-Khutawi Sebekhotep, [...] years
6.20 Khendjer (wsr [...] ra [...] nDr ra) rnp.t [...] User[ka]re [Khen]djer [...] years
6.21 Imiramesha ([...] kA ra) imj-rA mSa [...] Semenekh]kare Imiramesha
6.22 Antef IV [...] kA [...] in.t=f rnp.t [...] [...] ka [...] Antef, [...] years [...] 
6.23 Seth I [...] ib [...] stX ) [...] [...] ib[re ?] Seth [...]
6.24 Sebekhotep III  (sxm kA ra [wAD tA.wj] sbk Htp) rnp.t 1, ibd 1, hrw 2 Sekhemkare [Wadj-tawi] Sebekhotep, 1 year, 1 month and 2 days 
6.25 Neferhotep I

(xa [...] ra sxm nfr-Htp)
sA HA-anx=f rnp.t 11 ibd 1

Khasekhemre Neferhotep,
the son of Ha-ankhef, 11 years, 1 month [...] 
6.26 Sahathor (sA Hw.t-Hr) rnp.t [...] 3 [...] Sahathor, [...] years [...] 3 [...]
6.27 Sebekhotep IV (xa nfr ra sbk-Htp) [...] Khaneferre Sebekhotep [...] 
7.1 Sebekhotep V (xa Htp ra) rnp.t 4 ibd 8 (hrw) 29 Egypt Khahetepre, 4 years, 8 months and 29 (days) 
7.2 Iaib (wA[H ib ra ia]-ib) rnp.t 10 ibd 8 hrw 28 Wahibre Ia-ib, 10 years, 8 months and 28 days 
7.3 Ai I ([mr nrfr] ra[) ir.n]=f m nsj.t
rnp/t 23 ibd 8 hrw 28

[Mernefer]re [has functioned] in king[ship] for
23 years, 8 months and 28 days
7.4 Sebekhotep VI [(mr Htp ra]) rnp.t 2 ibd 2 hrw 9 Merhetepre, 2 years, 2 months and 9 days 
7.5 Sankhenre Sewadjtu (s[anx n ]ra [swADtw)] rnp.t 3 ibd 2 Se[ankhen]re [Sewadjtu], 3 years, 2 months [...] 
7.6 Ined (mr [sxm] ra [ind][...]) rnp.t 3 [...] Mer[sekhem]re [Ined], 3 years, [...] 
7.7 Hori

([swAD kA] ra) Hri) rnp.t 5 [...] 8

 [Sewadjka]re Hori, 5 years, [...] 8 [...] 
7.8 Sebekhotep VII nsw bi.tj [...] mr kA [...] xa [...] sbk [...] rnp.t 2 [...] 4 Merika[re] Sebek[hotep] 2 years [...] 4 [...] 
7.9 unknown [...] [...]
7.10 lost [...] [...]
7.11 unknown [...] [...]
7.12 unknown [...] [...]
7.13 Dedumes [...] [ddw]ms) [...] [...] [Dedu]mes [...] 
7.14 Ibi III ( [...] ra [...] mAa.t) ibi [...] [...]maatre Ibi 
7.15 Hor III (ra [...] wbn) Hr [...]weben-re, Hor 
7.16 Se[...]kare (ra [...] kA) [...] [Se][...]kare 
7.17 Senebmiu (?) [...] ra [...] n [...] [...]enre [...] 
7.18 unknown [...] ra [...] [...]re [...] 
7.19 unknown [...] [...]
7.20 Sekhaenre I (?) [...] [...]
7.21 unknown [...] ra [...] [...]re 
7.22 Merkheperre (mr xpr ra) [...] Merkheperre [...] 
7.23 Merikare [...] mr [...] kA [...] Merika[re] [...] 
8.1 Nehesi (nHsj) rnp.t [...] 3 [...] Nehesi, [...] years, [...] 3 [...] 
8.2 Khatire (xa.tj ra) [...] 3 Khatire [...] 3 [...] 
8.3 Nebfautre (nb fAw.t ra) rnp.t 1 ibd 5 hrw 15 Nebfaut[re], 1 [ye]ar, 5 months and 15 days 
8.4 Sehebre

(sHb ra) ir.n=f m nsj.t rnp.t 3 ibd [...] hrw 1

Sehebre has functioned in kingship for 3 years, [...] months and 1 day
8.5 Meridjefare (mr DfAw ra) rnp.t [...] Meridjefare, [3 ?] years [...] 
8.6 Sewadjkare (swAD kA ra) rnp.t 1 [...] Sewadjkare, 1 year [...] 
8.7 Nebdjefare (nb DfAw ra) rnp.t 1 Nebdjefare, 1 year, [...] 
8.8 Webenre (wbn ra) rnp.t [...] We[b]enre, [...] years [...] 
8.9 unknown [...] rnp.t 1 [...] [1 ?] year [...] 
8.10 ...djefare ([...] ra DfAw) rnp.t 4 [...]djefare, 4 years [...] 
8.11 ...webenre  [...] wbn [...] 3 [...]weben[re], 3 [...] 
8.12 Awtibre (Aw.t ib ra) [...] DfA hrw 18 [Aw]tibre [...] "erased" and 18 days  
8.13 Herwibre  (hrw ib ra) anx wDA [...] 29 [...] Herwibre, may he live, prosper [and be healthy] [...] 29 [...] 
8.14 Nebsenre (nb.sn ra) [...] 5, hrw 20 DfA Nebsenre [...] 5 [months] and 20-"erased" days  
8.15 unknown ([...] ra [...]re [...] 21 [...] 
8.16 Sekheperenre (sxpr n ra) [...] rnp.t 2 [...] Sekheperenre [...] 2 years [...] 
8.17 Djedkherure (Dd xrw ra) [...] rnp.t 2 ... 5 [...] Djedkherure [...] 2 years [...] 5 [...] 
8.18 Seankhibre (snanx ib ra) [...] 19 (?) Seankhibre [...] 19 ? [...] 
8.19 Kanefertumre (nfr tm ra) [...] 18 [...] [Ka]nefer[tumre] [...] 18 [...] 
8.20 Sekhem...re (sxm [...] ra) ir.n [...] [ns]j.t [...] ibd Sekhem[...]re has functioned [in king]ship for [...] months [...] 
8.21 Kakemetre (kA kmt ra) [...] rnp.t Kakemetre [...] year [...] 
8.22 Neferibre (nfr ib ra [...] snb rnp.t Neferibre [...] [may he live, prosper and] be healthy, [...] year [...] 
8.23 A...re (i[...] ra anx wDA snb rnp.t [...]re may he live, prosper and be healthy, [...] year [...] 
8.24 Kha...re (xa [...] ra [...] Kha[...]re [...] 
8.25 Aakare (aA kA ra [...] Aakare 
8.26 Semen...re (smn [...] ra [...] Semen[...]re [...] 
8.27 Djed...re (Dd [...] ra [...] Djed[...]re [...] 
9.1 unknown [...] ra [...] [...]re [...] 
9.2 unknown [...] [...]
9.3 unknown [...] [...]
9.4 lost [...] [...]
9.5 unknown [...] ra [...] [...]re [...] 
9.6 unknown [...] ra [...] [...]re [...] 
9.7 Senefer...re (snfr [...] ra [...] 12 Senefer[...]re [...] 12 [...] 
9.8 Menibre (mn [...] ra [...] Men[ib]re [...] 
9.9 Djed...re (Dd [...]ra Djed[...] re
9.10 unknown [...] [...]
9.11 lost [...] [...]
9.12 unknown [...] [...]
9.13 unknown [...] [...]
9.14 Inenek... (innk [...] Inenek [...] 
9.15 Ineb... (inb [...] Ineb[...] 
9.16 Ip... (ip [...] Ip[...] 
9.17 Hebi [...] [(hbi)][...] [...] [Hebi][...] 
9.18 Sa [...] [(sA)] [...] [...] sa [...]
9.19 Hepu [...] [(Hpw)][...] [...] Hepu [...] 
9.20 Shemsu [(Smsw] ir.n [...] Shemsu has functioned [...] 
9.21 Meni... [(mni [...] Meni [...] 
9.22 Werka... [(wr qA[i] Werka[i] 
9.23 lost [...] [...]
9.24 unknown [...] [...]
9.25 ...kare [...] kara  [...] kare 
9.26 ...kare [...] kara  [...] kare 
9.27 unknown [...] ir.n [...] [...] has functioned [...] 
9.28 Hepu [...] rn) Hpw [...] [...]ren Hepu [...] 
9.29 Anati [...] kA [...] nb n nAtj [...] Nebnanati [...] 
9.30 Bebenem [...] kA [...] bbnm [...]ka Bebenem [...] 
9.31 unknown [...] [...]
10.1 Iuf...  iw.f [...] Iuf [...] 
10.2 Seth II stX [...] Seth 
10.3 Sunu swnw[...] Sunu [...] 
10.4 Hor IV Hr [...] Hor[...] 
10.5 lost [...] [...]
10.6 unknown [...] [...] 
10.7 Nibef (n ib [.f] Nib[ef] 
10.8 Mer?en?...  mr ? n . [...] Mer?en?[...] 
10.9 Penestensepti pnnstt n spt [...] Penestensepti 
10.10 Kherhemwetshepsut [...] (Xr.t Hb Sps.w [...] Kherhemwetshepsut [...] 
10.11 Khuihemwet [...] (xw ? Hm.t [...] [...] Khuihemwet [...]
10.12 lost [...] [...]
10.13 summation [...] ir.n=sn

[...] they have functioned [...] years [...]  

10.14 unknown [...] 3 [...] 3 
10.15 unknown [...] 8 [...] 3 [...] 8 [...] 3 [...] 
10.16 lost [...] [...]
10.17 unknown [...] [rnp].t 40 [...] 40 ye[ars] [...] 
10.18 lost [...] [...]
10.19 lost [...] [...]
10.20 Khamudi [...] xAmdwj [...] [...] Khamudi 
10.21 summation [nsj.wt] xAs.t 6 ir.n=sn rnp.t 100 [...] 6 [kings] [...] foreign countries, have functioned 100+ years [...]
10.22 heading nsw[...] King[...] 
10.23 lost [...] [...]
10.24 unknown [...] [...]
10.25 Zeket... (skt [...] rnp.t [...] Zeket [...] year [...] 
10.26 Ar... (ar[...] rnp.t [...] Ar[...] [...] years [...] 
10.27 lost [...] [...]
10.28 lost [...] [...]
10.29 ...nia... [...] niA [...] nia[...] 
10.30 summation [...] nsj.wt [...] [...] kings [...] 
11.1 Rahotep (sxm [...] ra [...]) rnp.t 3 Sekhem[...]re 3 years [...] 
11.2 Sebekemsaf I (sxm [...] ra [...] 16 Sekhem[...]re [...] 16 [...] 
11.3 Djehuti (sxm ra [smn-tAwi]) [...] rnp.t 1 [...] Sekhemre S[mentawi] [...] year 1 [...] 
11.4 Mentuhotep VII (swAD n ra [...] rnp.t 1 [...] Sewadjenre [...] year 1 [...] 
11.5 Nibiraw I ([nb irj Aw.t ra]) rnp.t [2]9 (?) [Nibiraw], 29 (?) years 
11.6 Nibiraw II ([nb irj Aw.t ra [...] Nibiraw [...] 
11.7 Semenenre ([smn ra]) [...] rnp.t [...] Semenenre, [...] years [...] 
11.8 Seweserenre [(swsr ra] [...] rnp.t 12 DfA [...] Seweserenre [...], 12 years, "erased" [...] 
11.9 Sebekemsaf II [(sxm ra Sd] wAs.t rnp.t [...] Sekhemre Shedwaset, [...] year [...] 
11.10 unknown ( [...] ra [...] [...]re [...] 
11.11 unknown [...] [...]
11.12 unknown ( [...] [ra] [...] [...] [re] [...] 
11.13 unknown [...] [...]
11.14 unknown [...] [...]
11.15 summation [...] nsj.wt 5 [...] 5 kings [...]
11.16 User...re (wsr [...] ra [...] User[...]re [...] 
11.17 User...  (wsr [...] User[...] 

Copyright © 2000-2011 Dariusz Sitek, Czestochowa - Chicago - Ann Arbor